Viral Protein Accumulation of Zika Virus Variants Links with Regulation of Innate Immunity for Differential Control of Viral Replication, Spread, and Response to Interferon
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Asian lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) strains emerged globally, causing outbreaks linked with critical clinical disease outcomes unless the virus is effectively restricted by host immunity. We have previously shown that retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) senses ZIKV to trigger innate immunity to direct interferon (IFN) production and antiviral responses that can control ZIKV infection. However, ZIKV proteins have been demonstrated to antagonize IFN. Here, we conducted in vitro analyses to assess how divergent prototypic ZIKV variants differ in virologic properties, innate immune regulation, and infection outcome. We comparatively assessed African lineage ZIKV/Dakar/1984/ArD41519 (ZIKV/Dakar) and Asian lineage ZIKV/Malaysia/1966/P6740 (ZIKV/Malaysia) in a human epithelial cell infection model. De novo viral sequence determination identified amino acid changes within the ZIKV/Dakar genome compared to ZIKV/Malaysia. Viral growth analyses revealed that ZIKV/Malaysia accumulated viral proteins and genome copies earlier and to higher levels than ZIKV/Dakar. Both ZIKV strains activated RIG-I/IFN regulatory factor (IRF3) and NF-κB pathways to induce inflammatory cytokine expression and types I and III IFNs. However, ZIKV/Malaysia, but not ZIKV/Dakar, potently blocked downstream IFN signaling. Remarkably, ZIKV/Dakar protein accumulation and genome replication were rescued in RIG-I knockout (KO) cells late in acute infection, resulting in ZIKV/Dakar-mediated blockade of IFN signaling. We found that RIG-I signaling specifically restricts viral protein accumulation late in acute infection where early accumulation of viral proteins in infected cells confers enhanced ability to limit IFN signaling, promoting viral replication and spread. Our results demonstrate that RIG-I-mediated innate immune signaling imparts restriction of ZIKV protein accumulation, which permits IFN signaling and antiviral actions controlling ZIKV infection.
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Created: 13th Nov 2023 at 21:21
Last updated: 3rd Jan 2024 at 17:38
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Projects: Zika Virus Investigation, STING - Adjuvant, IMPAc-TB Project
Institutions: University of Washington
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6381-9603Expertise: Bioinformatics
Tools: R, Single Cell analysis, Genomics, Transcriptomics, Python
Public web page: Not specified
Organisms: Human
Submitter: John Cornelius
Studies: Viral Protein Accumulation of Zika Virus Variants Links with Regulation ...
Assays: Bioinformatics analyses of NanoString data, Deep sequencing of ZIKV stocks and sequence alignment, FFU assay for determining the titers of ZIKV stocks, FFU assay for measuring viral spread, Flow cytometry, Immunoblot analysis, Immunofluorescence analysis, Plaque assay, Protein lysate quantification, Quantification of extracellular and intracellular RNA, Quantification of extracellular and intracellular virions, Sample - Metadata, Transcript analysis by NanoString, Transcript analysis by SYBR green qRT-PCR, Viral copy number quantification by TaqMan qRT-PCR, ZIKV attachment and entry assay, ZIKV infection, ZV-13 antibody purification and quantification
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ZIKV RNA was extracted from virus working stocks using the QIAmp viral RNA minikit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Isolated RNA was then digested with DNase I and purified using the Qiagen RNeasy kit. RNA quality was analyzed on the 2100 bioanalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) using the Agilent RNA 6000 Pico assay and quantified on a Qubit fluorometer (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) prior to rRNA depletion and RNA library prep using the KAPA HyperPrep kit (Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Indianapolis, ...
Submitter: John Cornelius
Assay type: RNA Sequencing
Technology type: Rna-seq
Investigation: Zika Virus
Hybridoma supernatant was harvested as the source of ZV-13 antibody once ~95% cell death was observed. The supernatant was clarified by centrifuging for 10 min at 400 × g at 4°C and then filtered with a 0.22-μm filter prior to antibody purification via protein A affinity chromatography using the Pierce Protein A IgG purification kit and NAb Protein A Plus spin columns (all from Thermo Fisher-Life Technologies). Purified ZV-13 antibody was concentrated and buffer-exchanged into 1× phosphate-buffered ...
Submitter: John Cornelius
Assay type: Immunoassay
Technology type: Affinity Chromatography
Investigation: Zika Virus
Organisms: No organisms
SOPs: Protein A ELISA Protocol 10-29-20, Protein A Purification
Data files: No Data files
Snapshots: No snapshots
A549 cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 2 × 104 cells per well. The following day, virus stocks were serially diluted in DMEM containing 2% FBS (2% DMEM), and cells were inoculated with dilutions in triplicate at 37°C for 2 h. After the incubation, cells were overlaid with DMEM supplemented with 1% carboxymethylcellulose (Fisher Scientific), 2% FBS, 10 mM HEPES, and 1× penicillin/streptomycin. At 48 hpi, the methylcellulose overlay and medium were removed, and cells were fixed ...
Submitter: John Cornelius
Assay type: Organism or Strain Characteristics
Technology type: Immunostaining
Investigation: Zika Virus
Organisms: No organisms
SOPs: No SOPs
Data files: No Data files
Snapshots: No snapshots
A549 cells were seeded in 6-well plates at a density of 6 × 105 cells per well. The following day, virus stocks were serially diluted in 2% DMEM, and cells were inoculated and fixed as described above. Following fixation, cells were washed with 1× PBS, and an anti-flavivirus envelope antibody, 4G2 (Ab00230-2.0; Absolute Antibody, Oxford, UK), diluted 1:500 in permeabilization/wash/block buffer (see recipe above) was added to the cells. Following incubation with primary antibody, donkey anti-mouse ...
Submitter: John Cornelius
Assay type: Immunoassay
Technology type: Imaging
Investigation: Zika Virus
Organisms: No organisms
SOPs: AL_ZIKV FFU Assay Protocol_6 well plate
Data files: No Data files
Snapshots: No snapshots
A549 cells were seeded at a density of 3 × 105 cells per well in 12-well plates. Cells were uninfected, mock-infected, or infected with ZIKV variants the next day at an MOI of 5 FFU/cell, and virus inocula prepared in DMEM were allowed to adsorb at 37°C for 2 h with rocking. Uninfected samples are seeded cells that remained untouched throughout the infection time course, whereas mock-infected samples were inoculated with DMEM. Following adsorption, the inocula were removed, and cells were washed ...
Submitter: John Cornelius
Assay type: Cultivation Experiment
Technology type: Technology Type
Investigation: Zika Virus
Organisms: No organisms
SOPs: ZIKV Infection Protocol
Data files: No Data files
Snapshots: No snapshots
Creator: John Cornelius
Submitter: John Cornelius
Investigations: Zika Virus
Studies: Viral Protein Accumulation of Zika Virus Varian...
Assays: Sample - Metadata
Creator: John Cornelius
Submitter: John Cornelius
Investigations: Zika Virus
Studies: Viral Protein Accumulation of Zika Virus Varian...
Assays: Sample - Metadata
Creator: John Cornelius
Submitter: John Cornelius
Investigations: Zika Virus
Studies: Viral Protein Accumulation of Zika Virus Varian...
Assays: Sample - Metadata
File is in .pzf format which can be opened in graphpad.
Creator: John Cornelius
Submitter: John Cornelius
Investigations: Zika Virus
File is in .pzf format which can be opened in graphpad.
Creator: John Cornelius
Submitter: John Cornelius
Investigations: Zika Virus
Creator: John Cornelius
Submitter: John Cornelius
Investigations: Zika Virus
Creator: John Cornelius
Submitter: John Cornelius
Investigations: Zika Virus
Studies: Viral Protein Accumulation of Zika Virus Varian...
Assays: ZIKV infection
Creator: John Cornelius
Submitter: John Cornelius
Investigations: Zika Virus
Studies: Viral Protein Accumulation of Zika Virus Varian...
Assays: ZIKV attachment and entry assay
Creator: John Cornelius
Submitter: John Cornelius
Investigations: Zika Virus
Studies: Viral Protein Accumulation of Zika Virus Varian...
Assays: Plaque assay
Creator: John Cornelius
Submitter: John Cornelius
Investigations: Zika Virus
Abstract (Expand)
Authors: A. Y. Lu, A. Gustin, D. Newhouse, M. Jr Gale
Date Published: 31st May 2023
Publication Type: Journal
PubMed ID: 37162358
Citation: J Virol. 2023 May 31;97(5):e0198222. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01982-22. Epub 2023 May 10.