Assays

Vero cells were seeded at a density of 1.85 × 105 cells per well in 6-well plates. The next day, supernatants from infected samples were serially diluted in DMEM containing 1% FBS. Vero cells were incubated with dilutions in duplicate at 37°C for 1 h with rocking. Following incubation, cells were overlaid with 1% low-melt agarose (Fisher Scientific), 5% sodium bicarbonate (Fisher Scientific), and 5% FBS in 2× DMEM (Fisher Scientific). Plaques were visualized 4 to 5 days later with a 1% low-melt ...